1.理論背景:
首先智力是什麼?
作者給出一個研究者公認的定義，智力是由一系列心理能力組成的
Here’s a widely accepted definition among researchers:
Intelligence is “a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, leam quickly and leam from experience ... It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings - ‘catching on’, ‘making sense’ of things, or ‘figuring out’ what to do” (Gottfredson, 1997a ).智力是一種非常普遍的心理能力，涉及推理、計劃、解決問題、抽象思考、理解複雜想法、快速學習和從經驗中學習的能力……這不僅僅是從書本學習，狹隘的學術技能，或應付考試的智慧。 相反，它反映了一種更廣泛、更深入的理解我們周圍環境的能力——捕捉、理解事物或弄清楚該怎樣做。
Chapter 4 Summary
• New neuroimaging methods, especially graph analysis, have revealed structural and functional brain networks related to intelligence test scores.
• Overall, the brain networks identified in many intelligence studies are consistent with the PFIT framework with possible modifications for consideration.
• Although many studies find correlations between brain measures and IQ scores, predicting intelligence from brain images is not yet practical for several reasons, but there is exciting progress.
• In general, neuroimaging studies of reasoning report results that are consistent with studies of intelligence, although many studies of reasoning avoid discussing any overlap. More collaboration between reasoning researchers, with cognitive expertise, and intelligence researchers, with psychometric expertise, is the best way to integrate these two rich empirical traditions.
• The combination of molecular genetics and neuroimaging has identified specific genes and related brain mechanisms that may influence individual differences in intelligence.
由於本書是2017年出版，只能到此為止，另外，以暫時科技，沒有辦法能提高智力，理論上還不能全面解釋智力的神經基礎是什麼。
作者本人的訪談: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hppbxV9C63g&t=796s
（零認知入手）