1966 GM Electrovan[12]
The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to William Grove, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist. Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst.[13] English engineer Francis Thomas Bacon expanded on Grove's work, creating and demonstrating various alkaline fuel cells from 1939 to 1959.[14]
The first modern fuel cell vehicle was a modified Allis-Chalmers farm tractor, fitted with a 15 kilowatt fuel cell, around 1959.[15] The Cold War Space Race drove further development of fuel cell technology. Project Gemini tested fuel cells to provide electrical power during crewed space missions.[16][17] Fuel cell development continued with the Apollo Program. The electrical power systems in the Apollo capsules and lunar modules used alkali fuel cells.[16] In 1966, General Motors developed the first fuel cell road vehicle, the Chevrolet Electrovan.[18] It had a PEM fuel cell, a range of 120 miles and a top speed of 70 mph. There were only two seats, as the fuel cell stack and large tanks of hydrogen and oxygen took up the rear portion of the van. Only one was built, as the project was deemed cost-prohibitive.[19]
General Electric and others continued working on PEM fuel cells in the 1970s.[16] Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space applications in the 1980s, including the Space Shuttle.[16] However, the closure of the Apollo Program sent many industry experts to private companies. By the 1990s, automobile manufacturers were interested in fuel cell applications, and demonstration vehicles were readied. In 2001, the first 700 Bar (10000 PSI) hydrogen tanks were demonstrated, reducing the size of the fuel tanks that could be used in vehicles and extending the range.[20]
ChoiYerim
2023-3-5 01:03:56
Here is a list of some of the major automakers that have produced fuel cell cars, along with their first car and latest one:
Toyota:
First car: Toyota FCHV-4 (2001)
Latest car: Toyota Mirai (2020)
Honda:
First car: Honda FCX (2002)
Latest car: Honda Clarity Fuel Cell (2020)
Hyundai:
First car: Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell (2013)
Latest car: Hyundai Nexo Fuel Cell (2021)
Kia:
First car: Kia Borrego Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (2008)
Latest car: Kia Niro Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (2021)
Mercedes-Benz:
First car: Mercedes-Benz F-Cell (2009)
Latest car: Mercedes-Benz GLC F-Cell (2019)
BMW:
First car: BMW Hydrogen 7 (2005)
Latest car: BMW i Hydrogen NEXT (2022 - expected)
General Motors:
First car: Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell (2007)
Latest car: None currently in production
Ford:
First car: Ford Focus FCV (2008)
Latest car: None currently in production
Nissan:
First car: Nissan X-Trail FCV (2005)
Latest car: None currently in production
Volkswagen:
First car: VW Bora HyMotion (2002)
Latest car: None currently in production
Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and other automakers may have also developed fuel cell vehicles. Additionally, some of these vehicles may no longer be in production or available for purchase.