勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 00:51:24
Apterygote:
- no wings
- metamorphosis slight or absent
- one or more pairs of pre-genital appendages on abdomen
Pterygote:
- winged
- metamorphosis occurs
- no pre-genital appendages on abdomen
Exopterygote:
- simple metamorphosis
- pupa rarely present
- wings developed externally
e.g. cockroaches
Endopterygote:
- complex metamorphossi
- pupa present
- wings developed internally
e.g. butterflies
Ads
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 01:05:30
Insect reproduction:
1. requires synchronisation
- get together at the right time and relevent resource
2. overt displays
- for not attracting the wrong species
3. attraction to resources (food)
4. pheromones (female)
5. copulation
6. swarms (mostly male)
- got massive resouces in one location
- females come in and have opportunity to make
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2019-8-19 01:11:45
Selfish genes:
It promotes its own survival without necessarily promotes survival of the organism, group or even species.
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 01:19:24
Termite Castes
1. Primary reproductives (eventually become king and queen)
- winged adults
Roles: Establish colony
2. Secondary (supplementary reproductive if either primary dies)
- wingless adults
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 01:24:12
Wasps
Spring: building new colony
Autumn: emerge from dying colonies
Winter: mating
Ants:
There are two female castes: queen and workers.
The queens and males have wings but lost after mating and then the male dies.
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 03:53:32
Poikilothermy:
The body temperature varies considerably in response to the environmental change.
Homeothermy:
- it maintains a stable body temperature by regulating metabolic processes.
- its body temperature is higher than external environment.
Thermoregulatory mechanisms:
1. Ectothermy
uses environmental heat sources to regulate body temperature
2. Endothermy
generates heat internally through high metabolic rate to maintain a high body temperature
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 04:00:10
The animal must balance the heat generation and heat loss to the environment in order to maintain a stable body temperature.
Reducing heat loss:
1. mammal hair is excellent for insulating heat loss
2. blubber, fine insulating hair and guard hair
This gives off no detectable heat when sleeping.
Overheat:
- move slowly and rest often
- excess heat loss where fur is absent and the blood vessels close to skin
- swim to cool down
- the fur can moult.
increasing heat:
1. shivering and exercise
- generate extra heat through direct muscular heat production
勝利（已失敗）
2019-8-19 15:07:13
Flight
Pterosaurs:
- elongated metacarpal n phalange V
Bats:
- elongated metacarpals n phalanges
Birds:
- feathers are stiff so dont need extend limb
- no wings
- metamorphosis slight or absent
- one or more pairs of pre-genital appendages on abdomen
Pterygote:
- winged
- metamorphosis occurs
- no pre-genital appendages on abdomen
Exopterygote:
- simple metamorphosis
- pupa rarely present
- wings developed externally
e.g. cockroaches
Endopterygote:
- complex metamorphossi
- pupa present
- wings developed internally
e.g. butterflies